A virtual machine (VM) is a software-based computational resource that runs programs and deploys apps. It operates on a physical host system, on which one or more virtual guest machines are run. A hypervisor is a piece of software that enables the creation and hosting of virtual computers, known as VMs. It allows a single host computer to support multiple VMs by sharing resources such as memory and computation.
Examples: Virtual Box
Hypervisors allow for the usage of more of a system's available resources and greater IT mobility because the guest VMs are independent of the host hardware. This means that they can be easily transferred between servers. Additionally, a hypervisor enables multiple virtual computers to run on a single physical server. It reduces:
1. Energy
2. Space
3. Maintenance
Operating system (OS) virtualization has become popular in recent years as a way to ensure that software runs smoothly and reliably when moved from one server environment to another. Containers, on the other hand, allow multiple isolated systems to run on a single server or host OS. They are virtual machines that operate on top of a physical server and its host operating systems, such as Linux or Windows. The host OS kernel, as well as the binaries and libraries, are shared among containers, with the shared components being read-only.
Containers are more lightweight and portable than virtual machines. In summary, the main difference between containers and virtual machines is that containers allow for the virtualization of an operating system so that multiple workloads can run on a single OS instance, while virtual machines virtualize hardware to enable multiple OS instances to run concurrently. Containers also have the advantage of being faster, more agile, and more portable, making them useful tools for streamlining software development.
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